بازشناسی شاخص‌های نام‌گذاری فضاهای شهری با تأکید بر هویت موردپژوهی: میدان‌های انقلاب، امام حسین، رسالت و سبزه‌میدان تهران

The name is one of the components of the identity of any phenomenon. On the other hand, there is a two-way relationship between the name of each phenomenon and its other components. Also, each name, as a signifier, belongs to a specific meaning and creates a distinct mentality in the human mind. This issue is of special importance in urban spaces. The discrepancy between the signifier and the signified, ie the names of urban spaces and the mentality imagined by them, can lead to an identity crisis to some extent. Naming of urban spaces can be derived from its identity and manifested in its spatial and functional dimensions. This has not been achieved in many contemporary urban spaces or has no effective relationship with the dimensions of spatial and functional identity. Therefore, with the above problem, the purpose of this study is to study the naming indices of urban spaces with emphasis on urban identity. The research method in this article is analytical method and interdisciplinary studies and has been studied on a case-by-case basis in four important fields in Tehran. The results of this study show that the name of urban spaces as an identifying factor can be manifested in the dimensions of spaces and physical, functional and objective and perceptual perspective. Also in naming urban spaces, themes derived from social, cultural, political and natural concepts and contexts are most used in the past and present. In general, the criteria for naming urban spaces reflect the values that govern that community, which are applied by the city administration or informally by the people. In the studied fields, the naming criteria are focused on Iranian-Islamic values, which are associated with Iranian-Islamic concepts and teachings. Among them, only Tehran Revolution Square resembled the name of the square to some extent in terms of events and ceremonies, and the rest of the squares have almost no adaptation. This adaptation can be achieved through physical form, the use of symbols and signs, dominant uses and activities, and rituals and events that reinforce meaning.
Name is a certificatory and identical parts of everything. Besides, there is reciprocal relation between name of every things and its other parts. This topic in urban spaces, has a special importance. Unconformity between name of urban space and their images in citizen’s memories can be critized their identity. Thus, the aim of this research is study relation between urban space and their names and their conditions approaching identity. The research method in this paper, is descriptive, analytical and interdisciplinary research method that has been done with case study in Engelabm Imam Hossein, Resalat and Sabzeh Meidan Squares of Tehran. The results of this research shows name of urban space related to cultural. Historical, social and natural contexts have most usage in nomination for urban spaces in past and contemporary ages. In case study squares, only Engelabm square of Tehran city has a low relation between urban space and its name via political and social events and ceremonies. This relation can be upgraded via physical form, signs and symbols, semiotic usage, activities, events and ceremonies. This research has done in four section that are: Introduction; definition and theories of Identity urban space name and cultural, social, economic and environmental dimensions; analyzing the urban development plans and designs; strategies and suggestions.
The question of this research are: 1-What the criteria of urban space nomination at past and contemporary age? 2- What relation between Name of cities and urban spaces with urban nature? 3- What the role of urban space names in urban plans and designs? The hypothesis of this research is there is the logical and meaningful relation between one phenomenon and its name. Existence of this relation in spaces and places can be upgrade the identical sustainability of theirs. If this relation not be or weakness, Repugnance and identical gaps has threats identity of space. So the most criteria of nomination for cities and urban spaces in the past ages are: nomination based on its generator or builder name; nomination based on events or land uses that exists in urban space; nomination according to geographical position urban space; nomination according to geographical condition urban space.
The most criteria of nomination for cities and urban spaces in the in en contemporary age are nomination based on big social, cultural, political, national, religious Person name; nomination based on famous events in religious, political, social, cultural contexts; nomination based on related other cities or regions of countries; nomination based on flower, plants and natural things name; nomination related to cultural, social, religious concepts; nomination related to important land use in site and unmeaning nomination. 
The important strategies and solutions of improvement urban space name at urban developments are: studying history, name reasons and philosophy of place name; analyzing patterns for improvement identity of geographic names; qualitative development of events, memories related name respect; record and note name in urban spaces; usage of symbols, signs and urban elements for improvement identity name; usage of visual arts for designing artistically shapes and symbols.