Abstract:
The focus and intellectual basis of urban planning movements during a century that has passed from the life of planning, has not been in the perfection and felicity of man and society, but in the economy and its dynamics with focus on material things. A study of contemporary urban planning theories shows that the macro goal and the intellectual framework that illuminates their way are influenced by the materialist definition of man, and its goals are defined in terms of materiality and originality of resources. This is while Islamic scholars, in introducing the utopia, have dealt with the importance of human status and the lofty goals of his life, as well as the appropriate environment for human growth. Such a city is built on the principles and rules that make it possible to follow the behavioral patterns of Islamic law to achieve a good human life.
On the other hand, taking into account that every civilization creates the structure and mechanism of the social life of people based on its teachings, values ​​, and norms, the second phase of the Islamic revolution must move toward the establishment of a new Islamic civilization, the city and its development patterns; as the structure and mechanism of the collective life of people, it is formed based on the cultural, social, economic, political, security and physical factors emphasized by Islam and appropriate to Iran's ecosystem. To achieve such a model, numerous studies and research have been done so far, but the point that has been neglected is the lack of attention to the necessary context for operating the Islamic Iranian city model and the obstacles to its realization.
Imported and imitative urban development models that are the basis of urban development policies and plans in Iran, regardless of their origins and background and disregarding their context, have been brought as a healing prescription for Iran's urbanism system. However, the experience of more than five decades since the introduction of this urban development model to the country shows that these models and plans have failed to achieve their goals to provide a favorable environment for citizens and improve their quality of life.
Considering the problems of the current urban development models and plans and the need to provide a quality place for the citizens to live and the basis for their growth and excellence, it is necessary to pay attention to the native Islamic Iranian city model. Therefore, after introducing the principles and components of the Islamic Iranian city model, the present study tries to provide a comprehensive pathology of the current situation in line with the obstacles to the realization of the Islamic Iranian city model in Iran's urbanism system.
To achieve the challenges to the realization of the Islamic Iranian city model, eleven interviews were conducted with experts and city officials. The people selected for the interview are professionally and directly related to this field,Therefore, their expression in this matter can help us approach the reality of the issue and the challenges it presents as closely as possible. In the present study, we used the qualitative content analysis method; because achieving the depth and meaning of the interview text and finding the root of the challenges to the realization of the Islamic Iranian city model is very important in this research. For this purpose, we used ATLAS. ti (7.5.7) software to analyze the interviews.
Three stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were performed in the analysis of the interviews to achieve a level of information systematization and integration based on which we can answer the main research question. The result of the analysis of the interviews is the achievement of 133 codes, 12 sub-themes, and 4 themes. Challenges and obstacles to the realization of the Islamic Iranian city model in four areas theoretical challenges, legislative challenges, structural challenges, and functional challenges were achieved, and each of which and its subset were analyzed.
The challenges related to the theoretical theme deal with educational and university problems and the lack of definition and discourse in the field of the Islamic Iranian city model. In the legislative theme, the issues related to the field of legislation and the formulation of laws and regulations, and the problems and issues that exist in the subject of urban regulations and rules are discussed. In the structural theme, some flaws in the institutional and executive mechanisms and processes of Iran's urbanism system are investigated. The functional theme assesses the performance of managers, planners, and executive institutions. It explores the challenges of urban development plans within the urbanism system.
Finally, after analyzing research findings and theoretical studies, solutions for establishing a conducive context for realizing the Islamic Iranian city model are proposed.