واکاوی راهکارهای ارتقای سلامت و رفاه در طراحی مسکن از طریق تجربۀ مستقیم عناصر معماری بیوفیلیک

Among the consequences of the industrial revolution in the modern era, we can mention the increase in apartment living, the decrease in connection with nature, the soullessness of houses, and the increase in diseases such as depression among residents. Since man is genetically and biologically dependent on nature and human’s innate tendency has been towards nature and natural human processes from the beginning, paying attention or not paying attention to this natural sense creates positive and negative feelings and affects the soul and body. Researchers and scientists have introduced many solutions in the field of health and well-being. One of these solutions is the stimulation of human senses through biophilic architectural components, which ultimately will lead to people’s physical, mental, and social health. The current research aims to analyze the direct components of biophilic architecture in the design of a residential unit and examine how it affects human health through the five senses, and at the end, solutions are also provided to highlight the positive results of this architecture. To achieve the goals, the following questions are raised: - Through what components in architecture can the biophilic approach be achieved? - What senses do the direct components of biophilic architecture stimulate? - How do biophilic elements cause human health and well-being? - What solutions are suggested for the use of direct biophilic components in the interior design of housing? A mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) was used to conduct the present research. In the research process, at first step, the biophilic components were extracted through library-documentary studies. Then, based on the data obtained from the qualitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire was given to 30 people who are experts in the fields of architecture, psychology, environment, and health. The results of the experts’ questionnaire in SPSS 26 software showed that the influence of the components of direct experience was more than the other components, that the eight indicators of sunlight, plants, view and landscape, water, air, natural materials, fire, and animals respectively had the highest average influence. assigned to themselves in the third step, the examination of the components in four case samples indicates that sunlight, plants, view and scenery, water, air, and natural materials are common among all samples and have contributed to the health and well-being of the residents. In sample one, the indicators of sunlight, view and landscape, water, and natural materials have a strong presence and the most involvement of the senses in this sample is related to the sense of sight. In the second example, the indicators of sunlight, sight, landscape, plants, and natural materials have had a tremendous impact on the conflict of the sense of sight, hearing, and smell. In sample three, the senses of sight, hearing, and smell are stimulated by the indicators of sunlight, plants, air, sight and scenery, and natural materials. In example 4, the most involvement of the senses is related to the sense of sight, which is caused by the presence of the indicators of sunlight, sight and landscape, water, fire, and natural materials. In the last example, the indicators of sunlight, sight, and landscape, plants, air, natural materials have led to the conflict of the senses of sight, smell, and hearing. Finally, the findings indicate that the indicators of light, visibility and landscape, plants, and natural materials have been taken into consideration in the study samples; Therefore, according to the results of previous studies, it can be acknowledged that the mentioned indicators improve the health and well-being of the residents by stimulating the five senses. In the last step, to take advantage of the indicators of “direct experience with nature” in housing design, according to the theoretical framework related to biophilic architecture and inferential analyzes derived from the examination of samples, the solutions using biophilic architecture through direct experience with nature through the five senses to reach it is provided for the health and well-being of residents. In the end, considering that “indirect experience with nature” and “experience of space and place” are also other components of biophilic architecture and lead to people’s health and well-being, it is recommended that researchers for future research investigate the effect of these two components deal with people’s health and prioritizing their indicators.